lab10-regualr expression

## Data setup
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(stringr)
library(plotly)
## Loading required package: ggplot2
## 
## Attaching package: 'plotly'
## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     last_plot
## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter
## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
## 
##     layout
github <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ucb-stat133/stat133-spring-2018/master/"
datafile <- "data/mobile-food-sf.csv"
download.file(paste0(github, datafile), destfile = "mobile-food-sf.csv")
dat <- read.csv('mobile-food-sf.csv', stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
## Your Turn: What about times where the hour has just one digit? For example: 9AM, or 8AM? Create the following vector times and try to subset the hour and the periods with str_sub()
times <- c('12PM', '10AM', '9AM', '8AM')
str_sub(times, start = -2)
## [1] "PM" "AM" "AM" "AM"
str_sub(times, start = 1, end = nchar(times) - 2)
## [1] "12" "10" "9"  "8"
str_replace(times, pattern = 'AM|PM', replacement = '')
## [1] "12" "10" "9"  "8"
## Your Turn So far you’ve managed to get the hour value and the period (AM or PM). Now: Using times, create a numeric vector hours containing just the number time (i.e. hour) 
hours <- as.numeric(str_replace(times, pattern = 'AM|PM', replacement = ''))
hours
## [1] 12 10  9  8
## Using times, create a character vector periods containing the period, e.g. AM or PM
periods <- str_sub(times, start = -2)
periods
## [1] "PM" "AM" "AM" "AM"
## Use plot_ly() to make a barchart of the counts for AM and PM values.
plot_ly(x = periods,
        y = hours,
        type = 'bar')
## Write R code to create a vector start24 that contains the hour in 24hr scale.
start24 <- rep(0, length(times))
for(i in 1:length(hours)){
  if(periods[i] == "PM"){
    start24[i] <- hours[i] + 12
  }else{
    start24[i] <- hours[i]
  }
}
start24
## [1] 24 10  9  8
## Add two columns start and end to the data frame dat, containing the starting and ending hour respectively (columns must be "numeric"). 
start <- as.numeric(str_replace(dat$starttime, pattern = 'AM|PM', replacement = ''))
periods1 <- periods <- str_sub(dat$starttime, start = -2)
for(i in 1:length(start)){
  if(periods1[i] == "PM"){
    start[i] <- start[i] + 12
  }else{
    start[i] <- start[i]
  }
}
start
##    [1] 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 24
##   [24] 11 24 24 12 24 24 24 10  9  8  8 15 15 11  8 16 16 17 10 24 11  9 13
##   [47] 13 13 16 16 10 10 10 10 24 10 10 10 10 13  8 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11
##   [70] 11 11 11 11 24 24 24  7 11 24 11  6 17 14 21 11  8  8  7 23 10 24 10
##   [93] 24 10 10 10 13 10 10  9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 15
##  [116] 24 24 24 24 24 24 24  9  7 14 14 14  9 10  5  6  6  6 18 18  6 11  7
##  [139] 10  7 10  7 10  7  7  7 24 20  8  8  8  8 11  8  8 14  8 24  8  8  8
##  [162]  9  8  9  7  9  9  5 11  6 18  6 18  6  7  7  7  7 24  9  8  8 11  8
##  [185]  8  8  8  8  8  8  8 24  8  9  9  9 21  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9
##  [208] 13 15 10 16 10 11 10  6  6  6 10 24  7  7  8 24  8  8  8  8  8 11  8
##  [231]  8  8  8  8  8  8 11  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 13 24  9  9  9  6
##  [254] 10 10  8 11 11 16 10 11  8  6 10 10  6  6  6  6 11 10  7  7 10 11  9
##  [277] 11  9 24  9  9  9 20  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9 11 11 11  9  6 11  6
##  [300]  6 10 17  8 11 15 17 10 16 11 11  9 10 21  5 11  6 11  8 11 24 13 13
##  [323] 10  7  9  7 17 13 13 10 24 10 10 10  9 10 10 24 11 13 24  9  7  9 11
##  [346] 15  8 11 11 10 24 10  6 24  8  9 24  9 10  7  9 11  9  9 19 10 24 15
##  [369] 24  8 10 11 11 10  9 14  4 11 13  9  9 24  7 10  9  9  9  9 24  9 24
##  [392]  7  9  9  9 11  9  9  9  6  7  6 24  7  6  9 10 14 17 17 10 10  6  6
##  [415]  6  8  6  7  8 22 13 19  9  9 10  9 13 24  8 13 15 11 15  6  9 10  6
##  [438]  9 10  8 11 11 13 19  8  9 11 11 24 13 15 19  8 11 11 13 19  8  9 11
##  [461] 11 24  8 13 15 19 15  9 11 15  9 11 24 19  6  8  9  9 11 11 24 13 19
##  [484] 11 15  8  9 11 13  6  9 10 24 10 11 14  9 11  9 13  9  9  9 10 11 24
##  [507] 15 19  6 11 24 15  9  9  9 11 24  9  9  9  9  9 11 13 13  8  9  9 10
##  [530]  9 11 13  9 10 11  9 13  9 24  6 24  9 11 24 16 11 14 11 17 18  9 10
##  [553]  9  9 10  6  8  9 10  7 10  7  9 24  6  9 10 11  9 11 13  8 11 11 13
##  [576] 19  8 11 11 13 19  8  9 11 24 13 15 19 10  9 10  9  8 15 11 11  7 13
##  [599] 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 24 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11
##  [622] 24 24 24  8 24 24 24 24 24  9 14 14  6  8 11  6  8 11 19 10 11 24 15
##  [645] 19  7  9  8 11 19 24 19  9  9  6 24 15  6 10 11  6 11 24  6  8 11 24
##  [668] 19  7 11 24 10 24  6  9 10 10  5  8  7  5 10  9  6  9 10  9 10 24 24
##  [691]  9 11 13 15  8 11 11 13 19  8  9 11 13  8 11 13  8 11 13 15 19 10 10
##  [714] 11 24  6  9  6  6 10 11 15  8 13 15 24 22 12 11 17  8 10 11 10  6 10
##  [737] 11  8 20 18 17 13 10 10 24 10 10 10 10 13 13 10 10 10  9 10 10 10 10
##  [760] 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24  9  9
##  [783]  7  9  8 14 14  8 15 15 24  5  6  6 18  6  7  7  7  7  8 20  8  8  8
##  [806]  8  8 11  8  8  8  8 24 11 10  9  9  9  9 24 15 19  6 11 24 10 24 15
##  [829]  6 11 15  9 11 13  9 10 13 10 11  8 11 24 19  6 24 19 11 11 11 12  7
##  [852]  8  9  6  9 10 11  8 13 10 24 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13
##  [875] 10  8 10 10 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 24 14  6 11 10 16 16 11 10 18  6
##  [898] 18  6 24 24  8 10 24  7  7  9  7  8  8  8  8  8  8  8 10  8  8  8  8
##  [921]  8  8  8  9  9  9 24  9 13  9 24  9  9  9  9  9  9 24 24  9  9  9  9
##  [944]  9  9  9  9 10  6  6 11  8  6  8  6  6 24  9  7 10 17 11  9 10 17 16
##  [967] 10  8  6  6  6  9  9  9  7  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24
##  [990]  9  8  7  9 24 13 14 16 17  6  8 10 10  6  6  6  6  6  8 10  8  7 12
## [1013]  7 13  8  8 11 24 19 11 10 13 24 14 17 11  9  9  9 11  8 24 11 10 10
## [1036] 10 13 10 10 18 10 10  9  9  6  6 24  8 11  9 11 10 24 10 24  8 11 11
## [1059]  6 11 24 19  6  8 11 24 19  7  5  7  7 24  9 10  9  8 11 19  8  8 10
## [1082]  9 10 24  8 15 16 15  9 24 14  7 16 11 19 10  9  6 10  9 10 24  7 10
## [1105]  7  7 24  4 11  6  9 10 10 10 10 15 15 10 24 16  5 18 24 11  6 24 24
## [1128]  7  9  7  7  7  7  8  8 20 20  8  8  8  8  8  8 10  8  8  8  8 10 11
## [1151] 24  9  9 13 24 24  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9
## [1174]  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9  9 11  8  8  6 10 10 17 24 13  7 11 24
## [1197] 19 11 24  8 24  6  8 11 19  9  9 11 13 13  6  8 11 19 10 11 24 15 19
## [1220]  7  9  6  8 11 24 19 10 11  7  5 11  6  9  9 10 24  6  9 10  9 15 11
## [1243] 15  8 15 19  9 11 15  9 10 24  6  9  9 10  6  9  6  9  9 24  6  9  6
## [1266] 12  8  6  6  6 10  8 10  7  8 10 10  7 24 13 14 19 24  8  8 15 16 10
## [1289] 15  9 14  7 11  9 14  9 24 15 19  8 11 19 24 19 10 24 15  6 11 15  9
## [1312] 10 13  9  9 11 13  9 11 13 15 10 11 13  6 24  6  8 11 24 11 13 19 10
## [1335] 10  9 10 10  9 10 15  9 10 24  6  9 24 11 15  8 13 15  6  9 10 10  8
## [1358] 13 15 19  9 11 15  6  9 10  9 10 11  9 10  6  9 10  9 11 24 15  9 10
## [1381] 11  9 10  9 10  6  9 10 11 15  8 13 15 24  9 10 24  6  9 10  8 11 13
## [1404] 15 19  8  9 11 13  6 10 11 24 19  6  9  9 10 24  6 10 10 11  8 11  7
## [1427] 11 10 21 11 23 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 11 24 16 10  8  8  8  9  9  9  9
## [1450]  9  9 13  9  9  6 11 13 15 17  6  6  8 10 10  7  7 10 17 18  7 10  8
## [1473] 10 19 13  9 10 13  9 11 11  9 11 13  9 13  9  9  8 19  9 10  9 11 13
## [1496] 11 13  7 11  6  6  9  7 10  9  8 14  7  7 10  7 10 18 24 10 10 10 13
## [1519] 10 10 11 14 24 17  6  7  7  8  9  9  9  9  9 13  9  6  8 10 17  8 12
## [1542]  9  9 11 11 13 19 11 24 13 15 19 11 13 19 11 11 24 19 10 10  9 10 12
## [1565]  9 10  6  9 10 12  9 10 13 15 11 10 10 11  6  6  6  6  7 22 10 10  9
## [1588]  9  8 10 10 12  9 12  9 10 12  9 13 12  9 12  9  6 11 15 10 10 11 15
## [1611] 11 11 13 19 10 11 24 13 19 12  6 11 24 19 11 15 11 13 15  9 10  9 10
## [1634]  7 22 22  6 14 16  7  7 10 10 12 12 10 10 11 11 11 24  8  9  9  9 13
## [1657] 17  6  6 10  6  6  8  7  9  9  9  9 11 11 13 11 13  9  9 24 15  6 10
## [1680] 13 15 12  9  9 12  9 13 12 19 12  9  6 10 11 24 15 19  6 11 24 15  9
## [1703] 11 24 19  6 11 19 12  9 12  9  9  9  9  9 11  9 11  9  9 11 11 13  9
## [1726]  9 11 11 13 11 13 11  9 10 10 24 11 10  7 13 13 16 10 10 10 10 24 10
## [1749] 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 24 12 24 24  7 11 14
## [1772] 14 14  8 15  9  5  6 24 11 18  9 11  6  6 10  7 10 24  7  7  7  7  7
## [1795]  9  8 24 20  8 11  8  8  8  8  8  8 11  8  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9
## [1818]  9  9 24  9  9 11  9  9  9 15  6  8  6  9  6 11 10 24 15  6 11 24 19
## [1841]  6 10 24 15  7  6 24  6 10 11 24 19  6 10 11 15 10 11 13 15 13  6 11
## [1864] 24 19  6 11 24 19  8 12 17 10 10 10  8  9  6  6  6  6 11  7 10 17 17
## [1887] 16 10  6  6  6  6  8  6  7 12 10 10 18  9  8 11 11 11 11 11 11  9 11
## [1910] 11 17 11 11 11  9 11  9 11 13 13 11 11 13  9 13 11 13  9  9 11 13 13
## [1933]  6 10 10 13  8 10 12 10 12  6  6 11 11  8  6 11 24 13  8 14  8 10 12
## [1956] 13 10  9 10  8  9  7 17 13 13  9 13 24  9 10  7  7 11  8 13 13 10 10
## [1979] 10 24 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10  8 10 10 10 10 11 11 11
## [2002] 11 24 24 24 24 24 24  7  9 14  6 11 10 10 16 16 10  6 18  6 24 24 10
## [2025]  8 24  9  7  7  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8 10  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  9  9
## [2048] 24  9 24 24  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9
## [2071]  9  9  9 24  9  9  9  8  6  6  6 24 17 11 14  7  9 17 17 16 10  8  6
## [2094]  6  6  9 10  7 10  7 11 24 19 24 11 10  9 14  7 11  9  9  9 24 10 10
## [2117] 16  7 11 10 24 13 24 11 10  8 13 15 19  9 11 15 10 10  9 14 11 15  8
## [2140] 13 15  9 10 24  6  9 10  9 10 24  6  9  9 11 15  8 11 13 19  7 24  9
## [2163] 11 13 15  8 11 11 13 19 15  8 11 13 19  8  9 11 24 15 19  8 11 10 10
## [2186] 10 24 10 10 18 10 10 10  9 13  9  6 24  8 11  9  7 11 10  7 10  8  6
## [2209]  6 11 24  6  8 11 24 19  7 10  6  8  9 11 11 13 19  8  9 11 24 13 19
## [2232] 15 11 15  6  9  9 10 11  7  6 10 11 22 22  6  6 14 22 10  7 11 10 10
## [2255] 13 10  6 10 10  9 13  6 24 24 11 11 16  7 10 10 24 10  7  8 11 10 11
## [2278]  6  8 24 19  6 10 24 15  7  7  5  9  7 24  9 13 24 10  9  7  8 11 19
## [2301] 24 19 11 24  6  8 11 19  8 11 24 19  9 13  6  8 11 24 19  6 11  9 10
## [2324] 16  8  7 11  7 10 10 11  7  7 13 13 13 16 10 10 10 10 24 10 10 10 10
## [2347] 10 10 10 10 10 10 24 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 12 24 24  7 10 14 14 15
## [2370] 10 11  8  5  5 11  6 24 11 18 11  6 10  7  7 10 24  7  7  7  7  7  7
## [2393]  8 24  8 20  8 11  8  8  8 24  9  9  7 11 24 19  6  8 11 19 11  8 10
## [2416] 11 24 19  6 24 15  9  9  6 24 15  6  7  6 24 15  6 10  6  8  8  8 24
## [2439]  8  8  8 11  8  8  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9  9
## [2462] 11  9  9  9  9 10  6 10 10 11  8 15 10 24 15  9  6  8 10 11 24 19  6
## [2485] 24 15  8 11 24 19  6  8 19  6 10 11 24 15  6 10 11 13  9 11  9 13 24
## [2508]  6  9 11  8 11 24 19  6  8 11 24 19  6 10 11 13 10 15  9 13 11 10 13
## [2531]  9 11  8 10 11 24 15 19  6 24 15 14  9  9  7 17  6  6  6 10 10 10 11
## [2554] 10 11 24  8 10 13  9 10  8  7 13 13 11  9 24 10 24  9 13 10 16  7 11
## [2577] 13 15 11 15 10 11 24 19  6  9  9 24 15  9 11 13 15 11 13 15  8 11 11
## [2600] 13 19  6  9 10 10 11 15  8 11 13 10 13  6  8 11 19  8 10 11 24 19  9
## [2623]  9  9  9 13  9  9 11 11  9 13  9  9 13 24  6  8  9  9 13 10  9  6  8
## [2646]  9 11 13 19 10 11 24 19  6 10 11  6 10 11 15 11 15  9 22 11 11  7 11
## [2669]  9 10  6 18 17 11  8 11  8 10 10 10 24 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 10
## [2692]  9 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 15 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
## [2715] 24  9  8 14 15 15 11  6  7  7 20 20  8  8  8  8  8  8 10  8  8 11  8
## [2738]  8  8  8 13  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9 21  9  9  9 24  7  9 11 13  9
## [2761] 10 13  7 11  6 22 17  9 10  7  7  7 10  7 10  8  7 13 10 10 24 10 10
## [2784] 10 24 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 20  9  9  9  9  9 11 11  9  9  9  9  9
## [2807]  9  8  7  6 17 24  9 13 17  6  8  8 10 10  6  6 10  6  6  6  6  8 10
## [2830] 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 12 24 24 24 24 24  9  7  9 14
## [2853]  6 11 10 10 24 16  5 10 18  6 18  6 11 24 24  7 10  7  9  7  7  7  8
## [2876]  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8 10  9  8 24  9 13  9 24  9  9  9  9
## [2899]  9  9  9  9 24  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9  9  6 11  8
## [2922]  6  6  8  6  6 24 10 11 15 14 17  8 17 16  6  6  6  8  8 10  7 10  9
## [2945] 11  9 11  8 15 16 15 13 24 14 24 24  9  9 14  9 11  7 16 14 10 11  8
## [2968] 10  6 10 10  9 10 24 10 24 10 11  9  7 10  7  9 14  4  9 10 24  6  9
## [2991] 24  5  7  7  9  9 10 10  5 10  6  9  9 11 24  6 10 11 24 19  9  9  9
## [3014] 11 13 11 24  9  9  9  9  9  6  8  9 19  8 11 24 19 11  9 10 13  9 11
## [3037]  9  6  9 16 14  7  9 10  8  7 10  7 24 24  8 11 10  9  7 11 24 11 10
## [3060] 24 18 13  9  6 24  8 11 16  7 10 10 10 24 11  6 11  6  8 11  7 11 10
## [3083] 11  8 16 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 15
## [3106] 24 24 24 24 24 24 11  6 14  8 15  9 16 16 10 17  6 18  6  6  6  7  7
## [3129] 10 10 24  7 20  8 11  8  8  8 14  8  8  8  8  8  9  9  9  9  9 21  9
## [3152]  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24 20  9  9 13 13  9  9 24  9 11 11 11
## [3175]  9  9 11 10  6 11 17 10 11 11  6 10  6  7  7 10 10  9  5 13 10  8 11
## [3198] 13 15 11 11 15  9 10 13  9 24  7 14 15 11 15  6  9 10 11 19  9 10 24
## [3221] 10  9 10 11 15  8  9 15 11 15  8 13 15  6  9  9 10 11  6  9 10 10  6
## [3244]  8 11 24 13 19  6 10 11 24 10  9  6 10 11 24 19  6  9  9 19  8 11 24
## [3267] 19 10 24 13 24 11 10  9  7  8 19  8  9 11 24  8 11 19  8 11 24 19 13
## [3290]  9  8 11 24 19  6 24  7  9  8 11 24 19  6 11 24  9  8  9 19  6 24  6
## [3313]  8 10 11 24 19  9 11 13 13  6 10 11 13 15 10 11 15  8 11 19  8 13 11
## [3336] 24 19  9 11 15  9 11 13  9 11 15  9 11 10 13  9 11 13 13  9  9  8  9
## [3359]  6 10 10 11 13  9 10 11 15  7  9  6 10 11 11  7 11  6  7 10  7 10 10
## [3382] 10 11 11 11  7 13 13 16 10 10 24 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11
## [3405] 11 11 24 24 24 15 24 24 24 24 24 11 14 14 14 15  9 16  5  6 10 24  7
## [3428] 10  7  7  8  8 24 20 20  8  8  8  8 11  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  9 11  9
## [3451] 13  9 24  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  9  9  9  9 11
## [3474]  9  9  9  9  9  6  6  7  6 17 11  9 11 24  7 23 10  8  6 16  6  8  6
## [3497]  6 10  9  5 11  6 11 13 14 19 10 11 13 15 24 14  7  7  6 24 10 24  9
## [3520] 11 24  8  6  9  9 10 24  6  9 10  6  9 10  9 10 24 15 11 24  6  9  9
## [3543] 24  6  9 10 11  9 11 15 11 11 13 19 15  6  9 11 24  6  8  9 11 13 19
## [3566] 24  6 11  6  8 10 11  7  9  7 10  8  9  7 13 13 13 10 16 10 10 10 10
## [3589] 10 10 10 10 24 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 12
## [3612] 24 24 24 24 24 24  9 24 11  6 14 14  6 15 15  8 16 10  6  6 11 18  6
## [3635] 11  7  7  7  7 10  9  7  7  7  8  8 11  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8 14  8
## [3658]  8  8  8  8  9  8  9  9 24  9  9 24  9  9  9  9  9 24 20  9  9  9  9
## [3681]  9  9  9  9  9 11 24  9  9 15  8 10  8 10 14 11 17 15  6 11  8 17 11
## [3704] 13 24  9 11 15  8  9 11 13 11 15  8 13 15  6  8  9 11 11 13 19  8  9
## [3727] 11 24 13 19 11 15  8 15 19  7  6  8  9  9  9 13 14 10 10 10 13 10 17
## [3750] 10  9  6 10 24 10 10  9  9 10  6  7 10 11 13  7  7 24 11  7 10 10 11
## [3773] 24 15 10 11 24 19  6  9  9  8 13 15 19  9 11 15  9 11 15  8 11 13  6
## [3796]  9  9 24  6  9 10 15 11 15 10  9  6  6 10 10  6  6  8 11  7  7 10 11
## [3819] 11  9 24 11  8  8 15  9 24 11 14  7  9 24 19 13  9 11 24 24 10  6 11
## [3842] 13 11  9 13 11 24 10  9  6 24  7  9 24  9  7  9  6 10  9 14  9 17 10
## [3865] 15 24 13  8 10 11 10 10 10 10 24  9  6 10 11  8  7 10  5  9  9  8 10
## [3888]  9  7  9  6  8 11 19 10 24 15 24  6 11 24 15  6 10 11 13 15  9 11 19
## [3911]  6 10 11 13 10 13 15  6 10 11 13 10 11 13 15  6 10 11 24 15 19  6 10
## [3934] 24 15  9 10 11 13 15  9 11 13 16 24 11 10 10 24 10  9  6  8  9 11 13
## [3957] 19  9 11 24 19  7 10 24 10 24 24  7  9 11 24 15  6  8  9 11 11  9 10
## [3980] 14  7  9  9  9 13 24  9  8  7 10  9 24 10 11 13  9 13  7  9 11 13  9
## [4003] 13  6 11 24  6  8 11 24 19  9  9 24  9  9 11  9 13  6 11 15  8  6 10
## [4026] 13 15  8  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  8  9 11 19  8 10 11 24 13 19  7 10 10
## [4049]  9 11 24 19  6  9  9 11 11 24  7  9 11 24 19  6  9  9 10 11 24  8  9
## [4072] 11 13  8 11 11 13 19  9 13 11 13 13  9 11  9  8 11 24 19  6 11 24  9
## [4095]  8 11 19  9 11 13  6  8 11 24 19 11 24 15 19  8 11  6  9 11 10 11 24
## [4118] 19  6  8  9 11 11 13 19  8 11  9 11 24 13 19  9 11 10 10  8  9 11 24
## [4141] 13 19  9 11 11 19 11 24 19  7  9  6  8 11 19  8 11 24 19  6 11 24  6
## [4164] 10 11 24 15 19 10 11 13 15  9 11 13 15  8  9  8 11 19 11 24  6 11  8
## [4187] 11  9  9 11 10 12 12  7 10 11 16  7  8  9  6 13  6  6  6  7 11 10 17
## [4210]  7  6 10  6  6  6  6 24 19  9 11 24 19  6  8  9 11 13 19 11 24  8  9
## [4233] 11 24 13 15 19  6  8  9 11 24 15 15  6  9 10 10  6  9  9 11 24  6  8
## [4256] 10 11 24 19  6 10 11  6 11 15 15  9 10 11  7 10  6 11  8  8  9 17 10
## [4279]  9 10 10 10 10 12 11  8  8  9  9  9  9  9  9  6 24  9  6 17 10 11 16
## [4302]  6  6 11  9 11 16 10 11 11 13 19 11 24 13 19 14 11 15 11 13  7 10 10
## [4325] 10 11 24 13 19 12  6 11 24 13 11 24 13 19 12  6  9 11 11 24 13 19 11
## [4348] 15 11 13 12  6  9 11 11 24  6 10 11 24 19 11 13 11 13 19  7 12  6  9
## [4371] 10  9 10 24 11 11 13 19 11 11 24 15 19 11 24 13 15 19  6 11 11 13 19
## [4394]  9 10  9 11 13 11 15 19 11 13 15 12  6  9 10 12  6  9 10 13 15 11 15
## [4417]  9  8 10 12  8 12 21  8  9  9  9  6 10 24 15  6 11 15 11  6 11 24 19
## [4440]  6 10 11 24 15 19  6 24 15  6 11 18 17 10 16 10 11 10 10 10 11 24  8
## [4463]  9  9  6  9  6 10 10 10  6  6 11 10 10 11 13 11 11 11 13  9  9 11 11
## [4486] 13 11 24 11 11 13 11 13 11 11 13 11 13 11 13 13 11  9 13 11 11 11 11
## [4509] 13  9  9  9 11 13  9  9 11 11 12  9 12  9  6 11 15 10 11 15 19  7  6
## [4532] 11 15 10 15  6 11 24 19 11 24 15 19 10 13 15 11 13 15 12  9 11 12 13
## [4555]  6 11  9 12 20 17 10 16 11  8 10 10 10 13 13 10 10  9 10 10 10 10 10
## [4578] 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 15 24 24 24 19  6 24 15  6  9  9
## [4601]  9  6 11  9 10 10  7 10  7 11 11 10 10 24 24 24 24 24 24 24  9  8  9
## [4624] 14 14  8  8 15 15 24 16  5 11  6 18 18 18  8  6  6  7  7  7  7  7  8
## [4647] 20  8  8  8  8  8  8  8 11 24 15  6 10 13 12  9 12  9 12 13 12  9 12
## [4670]  9 11 12  9 12  9  9 11 24 19 13 11 24 19 12 11 12 13  6 22 12 22 10
## [4693]  7  7 20  9 10 10 10 24  7  7  8  8  9  9  9 13 13  9 18 10 11  8 11
## [4716]  6  6  6  7  7 22 10 12 10 24  9 17 10  9 13 10  7 13  9 11 13 13 11
## [4739] 11 13 13 13 11  9  9 11 11  9 11  9 11 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 11
## [4762] 13  9 11  8 10 11  8 11  9  7 13 10 10 16 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
## [4785] 24 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24  6 10  8 11 11 13 15 19  9 11 24 13
## [4808] 15  9 11 17 11 14 10 10  6  7  8  9 10 10 24 11  6  8 15 11 16 17  5
## [4831]  6 11  6  6  7  7  7  7 10 24  7  8 20  8 11  8  8 14  8  8  8  8 24
## [4854]  8  8  9  9 21  9  9  9 24  9  9  9 20  9  9 13 13  9 24  9 11  9 11
## [4877]  9  6 10  8 14 17 10 13 24 11 23  6 10  8  6  6 10  7  7 10 24  5 11
## [4900] 10 11 13 11  9 11 24  6 24  7  9  9  6 10  9 11  9 17 19  9 10 15 10
## [4923] 11 10 10 24 11  9  9 10 24 14  7  9  9 11 13  9  8  7 10  9 24 10  5
## [4946] 10 13  9 11  7  9 11 13  9 13  6  8 11 19 10 11  8  8  8  8 11 11  9
## [4969] 10  9  9  9  9  9 13  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24  7  9  9  9  9
## [4992]  9  9  9 11  9  9  9  6  6  7  6 16 10 15  9 11 16 17 11  6  8  8 10
## [5015]  6  6  6  6  8 10  8  9 10  9  9 10  8 15 16 15  9 13 24 24 24 14 11
## [5038]  7 16 14 10  6  9 10 24  8  6 24 10  7  4 11 11 10  9 10 10 24 10  7
## [5061] 11  6  9  9 24  6  9 10 11  9 15 11 15 11 15  8  9 11 13  9 10  9 10
## [5084]  9 10  6  9  9 10 11 24  6  9 10  9 10 24  9 11 15 11 15  9 10 24  6
## [5107]  9  6  9 10 11 15  8 13 15 19 24  9 10 24  6  9 10  9 11 24 15  6  8
## [5130]  9 11 11 13 19 15  6 10 11 24  6  9  6  6 14 22 10 11  8 11 11  8 11
## [5153]  6  7  9 10 11 10  7 13 13 10 16 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 11 11
## [5176] 11 24 24 24  7 17 14 14 14  8 15  9 11 16 17  5  7  6  6 24 18  6  6
## [5199] 10 24  7  7 10 24 10  7  7  7  7  8  8 20  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8 24
## [5222]  8  8  8 11  8  9  9  9  9 24  9  9  9  9  9  9 13  9  9 24  9  9 11
## [5245]  9  9  9  9 15 10 10  8 11 10 24 15 19 13  9 11  9  9  9 10 11 13 15
## [5268]  9 11 13  9  9  9 11 24 19  6  8 11 19  7  8  9  8 11 19  9 11 13  8
## [5291] 10  6 11 24 19  6 24 15  8 11 24 19  6 11 24  7  9  8 11 19 11 24 15
## [5314] 19  6  8 11 19 10 24 15  9 10 11 15  9 11 13  8  9 19  8 11 24 19 11
## [5337] 24 10 22 11  8 10 10 11  9 13 13 10 16 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
## [5360] 10 10 10 10 10 24 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 10 24 11  6 14
## [5383]  8  8 15 11 16 16  5 11 18  6  6 18  6 11  6  7  7  7 24  7  8 24  8
## [5406]  8 11 11  8  8  8 14  8  8  8 11  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9
## [5429]  9  9 24  9 13  9 24  9  9  9 11 10  6 17 10  7  9 10  8  6  8  6  6
## [5452] 10  6 11 24 13 13  8 14 19 10 13 10  6  9 10  8  9  7 17 13  9 10 10
## [5475] 13 10 24 10 10  9  9 10  6  9  7 11 24  8 11 10 15 11 15  7  9 10  9
## [5498] 14 15  6  9  9 24  6  9 10  6  9  9 10 11 24 16 11  6 10 11 10  7  9
## [5521] 24  5 11 10 11 11  9 10 13 24  9 24  7  9  9  6 10 13  9 11  9 17 19
## [5544] 24  6  9 10 11 15  8 13 15 19 11 24 11 13 15  8 13 15 19 15  8 11 11
## [5567] 13 15 19  9 11 13 15 15 11 15  9 11 24  9 15  8 11 10 11 10 10 24 11
## [5590] 13 10 24  7  9 11 13  9 10 10 13  9  8 10 24  7 10 11 13 15  9 11 13
## [5613]  7  9 10 11 13  9 11 13 15  8 11 19 11 24 19  9 18 10 13  9 11  9  9
## [5636]  9 11  9 10 11 15  9 11 13  9  9  8  9  8 11 19  7 19  6  8  9  9 11
## [5659] 24 13 19 15 11 13 15 13 15  6  8  9 10 11 13 19  9 10 24  7 11 15  8
## [5682] 15  6  9 10  9 10  8 11 24 13 19  6  9 11 24 19  6 11 11 15 11  9  7
## [5705] 11  9  8  6  8  9 18 17 10 10 10 24 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
## [5728] 10 10 10 10 10 24 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 10  9  7 14  8 11 15 10
## [5751] 10 24 16 16  5 10 11 18 24 18  6  6  6 24  7 24 24  7  7  8  8  8  8
## [5774] 11  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8 11 10  9  9  9 13  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9
## [5797]  9 24 24  7  9  9 13  9  9  9  9 11  7  6 10  6 24 10 10 10 13 11 14
## [5820] 16  9  8  6  6  6 10 10 11 10  8  7  7 10 11 24 10 10 10  9  6  9 24
## [5843]  9  9 10  9 11  9 10 18  9 15 10  8  6  8 11  9 10  7  8 11 11 15 10
## [5866]  9 10  9  8 11 13 19  9 11 24 19  8  9 11 24 13 19  6  9  9 11 24 15
## [5889] 11 24 15  9 15 10  8 11 13 15 19  9 11 15 10  8  9 11 13  6  8  9 11
## [5912] 13 19  7 10 10 11 24 19  6  9  9 24  9 11 13 15  8 11 11 13 19 11  8
## [5935]  9 11 13  9  8 11 24 19  6  8 11 19 24  6  8 11 19  9  8 11 19 24 19
## [5958]  8 11 24 19  6 24 15  6  9 10 11 15 10 11 13 10  8  9 19 24 11 10 10
## [5981]  6 10  8  8 10 10 10 10 10 13 13 10  9 10 13 10  8 10 10 11 11 11 11
## [6004] 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 24  7  9  8  9  8 11 17  5 11  6  6  6 18
## [6027]  6  7  7 24  7 10  7  7 20  8  8  8  8 24  8 24  8  9  9  9  9 21  9
## [6050] 24  9  9  9  9  9  9 13  9  9 24  9 11 11  9  9  9 10  6  8  6  8 10
## [6073]  8 10 17  8 10 17  6 16 10  6  8  6  6 10 10 10 13  8 24  9 24 10 13
## [6096]  8  9  7 17 13 11 24 16 11 10 24 10 24 10 10 11  9 24 10 14  4  6  9
## [6119]  8  9 24  7  9 13 10  5 11 10 14  9 13  9  9  9  8  9  6 11 15 10 13
## [6142] 15  8  9  8 19  9  8  9  8 19  9  9  8 24 19  6  8  9 10 24 15  6 11
## [6165] 15  7  6 24  6  8 11 24 19  9  8  9  6 10 11 13 15 10 11 24 15  6 10
## [6188] 11 24 15 19 10 11 24 15  6 11 10 11 15 19  6  9 11 13 10 11 13  9  9
## [6211] 11  6 24  6  8 10 11 10  7 10  6 11  7 11  9 11  7  9 10 19 24  6 11
## [6234]  6  8  7  8 11 11  9  8  7  6 11  8 18 17
dat <- mutate(dat, start)

end <- as.numeric(str_replace(dat$endtime, pattern = 'AM|PM', replacement = ''))
periods2 <- periods <- str_sub(dat$endtime, start = -2)
for(i in 1:length(end)){
  if(periods2[i] == "PM"){
    end[i] <- end[i] + 12
  }else{
    end[i] <- end[i]
  }
}
end
##    [1] 22 14 11 15 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 14 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13
##   [24] 24 13 13  5 13 13 13 11 11  9 17 16 20 24 15 17 17 18 14  3 14 22 14
##   [47] 15 14 17 17 11 24 11 11 14 11 11 14 11 14 10 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 24
##   [70] 24 24 24 24 13 13 13  8 15 13 14  8 21 15 12 21 16 20 16 12 11 13 21
##   [93] 13 11 24 11 14 11 11 10 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 13 17 24 14 22 13 18
##  [116] 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 11  8 15 15 15 10 15  6  7  7  7 19 20  7 24  8
##  [139] 11  8 11  8 11  8  9  8 13 21  9  9  9  9 24  9  9 15  9 13  9  9  9
##  [162] 10  9 10  8 10 10  6 24  7 19  9 19  7  8  8  8  8 13 10 10  9 24  9
##  [185]  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 16  9 10 10 10 22 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10
##  [208] 14 16 18 17 15 24 15  8  9  7 11 13  9  8  9 13  9  9  9  9  8 24  9
##  [231]  9  9  9  9  9 10 24 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 13 10 10 10 16
##  [254] 14 14 18 24 24 17 15 19 16 12 15 15 15 21 21 21 21 20 18 18 11 24 10
##  [277] 24 10 13 10 10 10 21 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 24 24 24 10 20 17 14
##  [300] 12 19 18  9 24 16 23 15 22 14 15 20 18 12  6 24  7 24  9 24 13 14 14
##  [323] 11  8 10  8 18 14 14 11 13 11 11 11 10 11 11 13 24 14 13 16  8 24 14
##  [346] 16  9 24 14 11 13 11  7 13  9 10 13 10 11  9 10 24 10 10 20 14 13 16
##  [369] 13  9 11 24 24 16 10 15  5 24 14 10 24 13  8 24 10 10 11 10 13 10 13
##  [392]  8 10 10 10 24 10 10 10 12 16 12 17 18 20 16 11 15 20 20 16 19 12 12
##  [415] 12 12 21  8 15 12 14 20 10 10 11 10 14 13  9 14 16 14 16  7 10 11  7
##  [438] 10 11  9 24 14 14 20  9 24 24 14 13 14 16 20  9 24 14 14 20  9 24 24
##  [461] 14 13 17 14 16 20 16 24 14 16 24 24 13 20  7  9 10 24 24 14 13 14 20
##  [484] 14 16  9 24 14 14  7 10 11 13 11 24 15 24 14 24 14 11 10 24 11 24 13
##  [507] 16 20  7 14 13 16 10 24 10 13 13 10 24 10 10 24 14 14 14  9 10 15 20
##  [530] 10 24 14 10 11 24 10 14 10 13  7 13 10 24 13 17 24 15 14 22 12 11 11
##  [553] 10 10 11  7  9 10 16  8 11  8 24 13  7 10 11 24 24 14 14  9 24 14 14
##  [576] 20  9 24 14 14 20  9 24 14 13 14 16 20 11 10 11 11  9 20 15 15 19 14
##  [599] 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 14 11 13 11 11 24 11 11 18 24 24 24 13 24
##  [622] 13 13 13 16 14 13 13 13 13 10 15 15  8  9 14  7  9 24 20 11 24 13 16
##  [645] 20  8 11  9 24 20 13 20 10 24  7 13 16  7 11 24  7 24 13  7  9 24 13
##  [668] 20  8 24 13 11 13  7 10 11 11  7  9  8  6 11 10  7 10 11 10 11 13 13
##  [691] 24 14 14 16  9 24 14 14 20  9 24 14 14  9 14 14  9 14 14 16 20 11 11
##  [714] 24 13  7 10  7  7 11 14 16  9 14 16 13  3  3 15 21 16 23 14 15 17 20
##  [737] 15 17  2 20 20 14 11 11 13 11 11 11 24 14 14 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 11
##  [760] 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 22 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 11 11
##  [783]  8 10  9 15 15  9 16 16 13  6  7  9 19  7  8  8  8  8  9 21  9  9  9
##  [806]  9  8 24  9  9  9  9 16 24 11 10 10 10 10 13 16 20  7 24 13 11 13 16
##  [829]  7 14 16 24 14 14 24 11 14 11 24  9 24 13 20  7 13 20 13 15 14  3 16
##  [852] 15 15 16 15 15 15 17 14 11 13 21 11 11 24 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 14
##  [875] 11 10 11 18 24 13 17 13 13 13 13 13 13 15  8 14 18 22 17 24 15 19  9
##  [898] 20  7 13 13  9 11 13  9  8 10  8  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 11  9  9  9  9
##  [921]  9  9 10 10 10 10 13 10 14 10 13 10 10 10 10 17 10 13 13 10 10 10 10
##  [944] 11 10 10 10 14 20 12 20 18 12 16 12 12 17 10 18 15 20 24 17 15 20 22
##  [967] 16 19 12 12 12 10 11 10  8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13
##  [990] 10 18 16 16 13 14 15 17 20 21 16 19 15 15 21 21 21 12 12 19 15 18  3
## [1013]  8 14  9  9 24 13 20 24 11 14 13 15 18 24 10 10 10 24 20 13 24 11 11
## [1036] 11 14 11 15 12 11 11 10 10  7  8 13  9 24 10 24 11 13 11 13  9 24 24
## [1059]  7 24 13 20  7  9 24 13 20  8  7  8 16 13 10 11 10  9 24 20  9 20 21
## [1082] 10 11 13  9 16 17 16 10 13 15  9 17 14 20 14 11  7 13 10 11 13  8 11
## [1105]  8  8 13  5 24  7 10 11 11 11 11 16 16 11 13 22  6 19 13 15  7 13 13
## [1128]  8 10  8  8  8  8  9  9 21 21  9  9  9  9  9  9 11  9  9  9 10 11 24
## [1151] 13 10 10 14 13 13 10 10 10 10 10 17 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 10
## [1174] 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 15 17 18 12 15 15 20 13 14 18 24 13
## [1197] 20 13 13  9 13  7  9 24 20 10 24 14 14 14  7  9 24 20 11 24 13 16 20
## [1220]  8 11  7  9 24 13 20 11 24  8  6 24  7 10 24 11 13  7 10 11 11 16 14
## [1243] 16  9 16 20 24 14 16 10 11 13  7 10 10 11  7 10  7 10 24 13  7 17 21
## [1266]  2 19 12 12 12 19 20 20 18 22 15 20  8 13 14 15 20 13  9  9 16 17 11
## [1289] 16 10 15  8 24 10 15 10 13 16 20  9 24 20 13 20 11 13 16  7 14 16 24
## [1312] 11 14 10 24 14 14 24 14 14 16 11 14 14  7 13  7  9 24 13 24 14 20 11
## [1335] 11 11 11 11 10 11 16 10 11 13  7 10 13 14 16  9 14 16  7 10 11 11  9
## [1358] 14 16 20 24 14 16  7 10 11 10 11 24 10 11  7 10 11 11 13 13 16 10 11
## [1381] 24 10 11 10 11  7 10 11 14 16  9 14 16 13 10 11 13  7 10 11  9 14 14
## [1404] 16 20  9 24 14 14  7 11 24 13 20  7 10 24 11 13  7 11 19 18 15 15 18
## [1427] 15 15 12 16 12 11 11 21 24 14 11 11 24 13 20 18 16  9  9 10 10 10 11
## [1450] 10 10 14 10 10 12 14 16 16 20 12 12 12 20 20 18 18 20 22 12 20 11  9
## [1473] 11 20 14 24 11 14 24 14 13 24 14 14 24 14 10 24  9 20 10 11 24 14 14
## [1496] 14 14  8 24 12 22 16 15 14 15 15 18 20 18 20 20 20 20  3 11 11 11 14
## [1519] 11 11 17 18 13 21  7  8  8  9 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 16 18 19 20 23  1
## [1542] 10 15 24 14 14 20 14 13 14 16 20 24 14 20 24 14 13 20 11 11 15 11  1
## [1565] 10 11  7 10 11  1 10 11 14 16 14 15 19 19 20 21 21 21 18 12 18 20 17
## [1588] 10 15 14 11  1 10  1 10 11  1 10 14  1 10  1 10  7 14 16 11 11 14 16
## [1611] 24 14 14 20 11 24 13 14 20  1  7 24 13 20 14 16 14 14 16 10 11 10 11
## [1634]  8 12  3 22 22 23 20 18 21 15  3  2 11 11 24 24 17 13 16 10 10 10 16
## [1657] 20 21 20 19 21 21 20 20 10 10 10 14 14 14 14 14 14 10 10 13 16  7 11
## [1680] 14 16  1 10 10  1 10 14  1 20  1 10  7 11 24 13 16 20  7 14 13 16 15
## [1703] 24 13 20  7 24 20  1 10  1 14 10 10 10 10 24 10 14 10 10 14 14 14 10
## [1726] 10 24 14 14 14 14 24 10 19 15  3 15 22 19 15 14 17 11 15 11 11 14 11
## [1749] 11 11 14 24 15 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 24 24 13  5 13 13  8 15 15
## [1772] 15 15 17 16 10  6  7 13 15 19 10 24  7  7 11  8 11 13  8  8  9  8  8
## [1795] 10  9 13 21  9 24  9  9  9  9  9 10 24  9 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10
## [1818] 10 10 13 10 10 24 10 10 15 20 10 18 14 10  7 24 11 13 16  7 24 13 20
## [1841]  7 11 13 16  8  7 13  7 11 24 13 20  7 11 14 16 11 14 14 16 14  7 24
## [1864] 13 20  7 24 13 20 16  3 20 11 21 18  9 10 12 12 12 12 14 18 15 20 20
## [1887] 22 16 12 12 12 12 22 21 18  3 20 23 12 10 22 24 24 24 24 24 24 10 24
## [1910] 24 21 24 24 14 10 14 14 14 14 14 24 24 14 10 14 14 14 10 10 14 14 14
## [1933] 12 15 19 14  9 15  2 15  2 12 12 15 21 22  7 24 13 14  9 15  9 11  3
## [1956] 14 11 10 11  9 10  8 18 14 14 10 14 13 10 23 18 20 15 17 14 14 11 11
## [1979] 11 13 21 11 11 24 11 11 11 11 11 11 14 11 11 10 11 11 11 18 24 24 24
## [2002] 13 13 13 14 13 13 13  8 10 15  8 14 18 11 22 17 15  9 20  7 13 13 11
## [2025]  9 13 10  8  8  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 11  9  9  9  9  9  9 10 10 10
## [2048] 13 10 13 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 17 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 10
## [2071] 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 17 12 12 12 17 20 24 15 18 17 23 20 22 16 19 12
## [2094] 12 12 20 19 18 20  8 24 13 20 13 24 11 10 15  8 24 10 10 10 13 11 11
## [2117] 22  8 14 11 13 14 13 24 11  9 14 16 20 24 14 16 14 11 11 15 14 16  9
## [2140] 14 16 10 11 13  7 10 11 10 11 13  7 10 24 14 16  9 14 14 20  8 13 24
## [2163] 14 14 16  9 24 14 14 20 16  9 24 14 20  9 24 24 13 16 20  9 24 11 11
## [2186] 11 13 11 11 12 13 11 11 10 14 10  8 13  9 24 10  8 24 11  8 11  9  7
## [2209]  7 24 13  7  9 24 13 20  8 11  7  9 24 24 14 14 20  9 24 24 13 14 20
## [2232] 16 14 16  7 10 10 11 24  8  7 11 24 12  3 20 22 22 12 19 15 14 11 11
## [2255] 14 11  7 13 11 10 14  8 13 13 24 24 22  8 11 11 13 11  8  9 24 11 24
## [2278]  7  9 13 20  7 11 13 16  8  8  7 10  8 13 10 14 13 11 10  9  9 24 20
## [2301] 13 20 13 13  7  9 24 20  9 24 13 20 24 14  7  9 24 13 20  7 24 15 14
## [2324] 23 15 20 15 18 21 14 15 16 19 15 14 14 17 11 11 11 11 14 11 11 11 14
## [2347] 11 24 11 11 11 11 13 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 13  5 13 14  8 11 15 15 16
## [2370] 11 24 15  6  6 24  7 13 15 19 24  7 11  8  8 11 13  8  8  8  9  8  8
## [2393]  9 13 10 21  9 24  9  9  9 13 10 11  9 24 13 20  7  9 24 20 13  9 11
## [2416] 24 13 20  7 13 16 10 24  7 13 16  7  8  7 13 16  7 11  7  9  9  9 13
## [2439]  9  9 10 24  9  9 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10
## [2462] 24 10 10 10 10 14 14 19 15 24  9 16 15 13 16 11  7  9 11 24 13 20  7
## [2485] 13 16  9 24 13 20  7  9 20  7 11 14 13 16  7 11 14 14 24 14 24 14 13
## [2508]  7 24 14  9 24 13 20  7  9 24 13 20  7 11 14 14 11 16 24 14 13 11 14
## [2531] 24 14  9 11 24 13 16 20  7 13 16 15 10 24 18 23 12 12 18 20 15 20 24
## [2554] 11 24 13  9 11 14 10 11  9  8 14 14 24 10 13 11 13 10 14 11 22  8 24
## [2577] 14 16 14 16 11 24 13 20  7 10 24 13 16 24 14 14 16 14 14 16  9 24 14
## [2600] 14 20  7 10 11 11 14 16  9 14 14 11 14  7  9 24 20  9 11 24 13 20 24
## [2623] 10 24 24 14 10 24 14 13 24 14 24 10 14 13  7  9 10 24 14 11 10  7  9
## [2646] 10 24 14 20 11 24 13 20  7 11 24  7 11 24 16 14 16 11  3 15 15 16 16
## [2669] 15 19 17 20 20 21 16 15 20 11 11 11 13 11 11 11 11 11 14 11 11 11 11
## [2692] 10 11 18 24 24 24 13 17 24 24 24 22 13 13 13 18 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
## [2715] 13 11  9 15 16 16 24  7  8  8 21 21  9  9  9  9  9  9 11  9  9 24  9
## [2738]  9  9 10 16 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 22 10 10 10 13  8 10 14 14 24
## [2761] 11 14  8 24 12 12 21 16 15 14 20 18 20 20 15 17 16 14 11 11 13 21 11
## [2784] 24 14 11 14 11 11 11 14 11 11 21 10 10 10 10 10 24 24 10 10 10 10 10
## [2807] 10 18 18 20 20 13 16 14 20 21 16 17 16 19 12 12 15 15 21 21 21 10 11
## [2830] 22 11 11 11 11 11 24 24 13 24 24 24 13  5 13 13 14 13 13 11  8 10 15
## [2853]  8 14 18 11 13 17  6 15 19  9 20  7 24 13 13  9 11  8 10  8  8  8  9
## [2876]  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 11 10  9 13 10 14 10 13 10 10 10 10
## [2899] 22 10 17 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 12 20 18
## [2922] 14 12 16 12 12 17 15 24 16 15 23 17 20 22 12 12 12 22 20 21 18 20 10
## [2945] 24 10 24  9 16 17 16 14 13 15 13 13 10 10 15 10 24  9 17 15 11 14 15
## [2968] 14  7 13 11 10 11 13 11 13 11 24 10  8 11  8 16 15  5 10 11 13  7 10
## [2991] 13  7  8  8 10 10 11 11  6 15  7 10 24 24 13  7 11 24 13 20 10 10 24
## [3014] 14 14 13 13 24 10 24 10 10  7  9 10 20  9 24 13 20 24 24 11 14 24 14
## [3037] 11 12 16 23 18 18 15 19 15 18 20  8 13 13  9 24 11 10  8 24 13 24 11
## [3060] 13 12 14 10  7 13  9 24 22  8 11 11 11 13 24  7 24  7  9 24 20 15 15
## [3083] 14 20 17 15 11 11 11 11 11 14 11 11 11 11 24 24 24 13 14 24 24 13 18
## [3106] 13 13 13 13 13 13 14  8 15 17 16 10 17 17 15 18  7 19  7  8  7  8  8
## [3129] 11 21 13  8 21  9 24  9  9  9 15  9  9  9  9  9 10 10 10 10 10 22 10
## [3152] 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 21 10 10 14 14 10 10 13 10 24 21 24
## [3175] 10 10 24 16 20 14 18 11 24 19 12 15 21 18 18 18 20 10  6 14 11  9 14
## [3198] 14 16 14 14 16 10 11 14 11 13  9 15 16 14 16  7 10 11 24 20 10 11 13
## [3221] 11 10 11 14 16  9 24 16 14 16  9 14 16  7 10 10 11 24  7 10 11 11  7
## [3244]  9 24 13 14 20  7 11 24 13 11 10  7 11 24 13 20  7 10 24 20  9 24 13
## [3267] 20 11 13 14 13 24 11 10  9  9 20  9 10 13 13  9 24 20  9 24 13 20 14
## [3290] 24  9 24 13 20  7 13  8 11  9 24 13 20  7 24 13 10  9 10 20  7 13  7
## [3313]  9 11 24 13 20 24 14 14 14  7 11 14 14 16 11 14 16  9 24 20  9 14 24
## [3336] 13 20 24 14 16 24 14 14 24 14 16 24 14 11 14 24 14 14 14 24 10  9 10
## [3359]  7 11 11 14 14 24 11 14 16  8 11 12 15 18 16 20 15 20 18 20 20 20 15
## [3382] 14 14 15 15 19 15 14 17 11 24 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 18 24
## [3405] 24 24 13 13 13 18 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 16 10 22  6  7 11 13  8
## [3428] 11  8  8  9  9 13 21 21  9  9  9  9 24  9  8  9  9  9 10 10 10 24 10
## [3451] 14 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 24
## [3474] 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 18 20 20 14 16 24 13 18 12 16 19 12 17 12 12 18
## [3497] 21 15 10  6 24  7 24 14 15 20 11 24 14 16 13 15  8  8  7 13 11 13 11
## [3520] 13 13  9  7 10 24 11 13  7 10 11  7 10 11 10 11 13 16 13 13  7 10 24
## [3543] 13  7 10 11 24 24 14 16 24 14 14 20 16  7 24 24 13  7  9 10 24 14 20
## [3566] 13  7 24 22 16 19 14 14 15 18 15 17 22 16 14 14 14 11 17 11 15 11 11
## [3589] 11 11 11 11 14 11 11 11 14 11 11 17 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 13 13  5
## [3612] 13 14 13 13 13 13 10 13 14  8 15 15  8 16 16 15 17 15  7  9 15 20  7
## [3635] 24  8  8  8  8 11 10  8  8  8 10  9 24  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 15  9
## [3658]  9  9  9  9 10  9 10 10 13 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 17 13 21 10 10 10 10
## [3681] 10 11 10 10 10 24 13 10 10 20 17 14 18 11 16 24 18 16 21 19 16 23 14
## [3704] 14 13 24 14 16  9 24 14 14 14 16  9 14 16  7  9 24 24 14 14 20  9 24
## [3727] 24 13 14 20 14 16  9 16 20  8  7  9 10 10 10 14 15 11 11 11 14 11 22
## [3750] 11 11  7 13 13 11 11 10 10 11  8  8 11 24 14  8  8 13 24  8 11 11 14
## [3773] 13 16 11 24 13 20  7 10 24  9 14 16 20 24 14 16 24 14 16  9 14 14  7
## [3796] 10 24 13  7 10 11 16 14 16 11 10 12 12 15 15 21 21 20 21 18  8 11 24
## [3819] 24 10 13 24  9  9 16 10 13 24 15  9 10 13 20 14 10 24 13 13 11  7 24
## [3842] 14 24 10 14 24 13 11 10  7 13  8 10 13 10  8 10  7 11 10 15 10 22 11
## [3865] 16 13 14  9 11 24 11 16 11 11 13 10  7 11 14  9  8 14  7 10 10  9 11
## [3888] 10  8 11  7  9 24 20 11 13 16 13  7 14 13 16  7 11 24 14 16 10 24 20
## [3911]  7 11 14 14 11 14 16  7 11 14 14 11 14 14 16  7 11 24 13 16 20  7 11
## [3934] 13 16 24 11 14 14 16 24 14 14 22 13 14 11 11 13 11 16  7  9 24 24 14
## [3957] 20 24 24 13 20  8 24 13 11 13 13  9 24 14 13 16  7  9 24 24 14 16 11
## [3980] 15  8 24 10 24 14 13 10  9  8 24 10 13 11 14 14 24 14  8 24 14 14 24
## [4003] 14  7 24 13  7  9 24 13 20 10 10 13 10 24 14 10 14  7 14 16  9  7 11
## [4026] 14 16  9 10 10 10 10 11 10 10  9 10 24 20  9 11 24 13 14 20  8 11 11
## [4049] 24 24 13 20  7 10 24 24 14 13  8 24 24 13 20  7 10 24 11 24 13  9 24
## [4072] 14 14  9 24 14 14 20 24 14 13 14 14 24 14 10  9 24 13 20  7 24 13 10
## [4095]  9 24 20 24 14 14  7  9 24 13 20 24 13 16 20  9 24  7 10 24 11 24 13
## [4118] 20  7  9 24 24 14 14 20  9 24 24 24 13 14 20 11 13 11 11  9 24 24 13
## [4141] 14 20 24 24 14 20 24 13 20  8 11  7  9 24 20  9 24 13 20  7 24 13  7
## [4164] 11 24 13 16 20 11 14 14 16 24 14 14 16  9 10  9 24 20 13 13 20 14 16
## [4187] 14 15 15 15 21  3  2 19 18 24 22  9 16 10 20 14 12 12 12 18 16 15 20
## [4210] 18 21 16 12 12 12 21 13 20 24 14 13 20  7  9 24 24 14 20 13 13  9 24
## [4233] 24 13 14 16 20  7  9 24 14 13 16 16  7 10 11 11  7 10 24 24 13  7  9
## [4256] 11 24 13 20  7 11 24  7 24 16 16 11 15 24 16 19 17 16 15 17 15 20 18
## [4279] 22 11 11 11 11  5 18 10  9 10 10 17 10 10 10 20 16 16 14 18 15 19 22
## [4302] 12 12 15 20 21 22 11 24 14 14 20 24 13 14 20 15 14 16 14 14  8 11 11
## [4325] 11 24 13 14 20  1  7 14 13 14 24 13 14 20  1  7 10 24 14 13 14 20 14
## [4348] 16 14 14  1  7 10 24 14 13  7 11 24 13 20 14 14 24 14 20  8  1  7 10
## [4371] 11 10 11 13 24 14 14 20 24 14 13 16 20 14 13 14 16 20  7 24 14 14 20
## [4394] 10 11 15 24 14 17 16 20 14 14 16  1  7 10 11  1  7 10 11 14 16 14 16
## [4417] 15 20 19  3 22  3 12 10 10 10 10  7 11 13 16  7 14 16 14  7 24 13 20
## [4440]  7 11 24 13 16 20  7 13 16  7 24 12 21 23 23 20 22 18 18 11 18 20  9
## [4463] 10 10 20 16 14 18 15 15 12 12 21 20 11 14 14 14 14 14 14 10 10 14 14
## [4486] 14 14 13 24 14 14 14 14 24 14 14 24 14 14 14 14 24 10 14 14 14 24 14
## [4509] 14 10 10 14 14 14 10 10 24 24  1 10  1 10  7 14 16 11 24 16 20  8  7
## [4532] 14 16 11 16  7 24 13 20 24 13 16 20 11 14 16 14 14 16  1 10 14  1 14
## [4555]  7 14 14  3  2 20 14 20 21 20 11 24 11 14 14 11 11 10 11 11 11 11 11
## [4578] 11 24 24 24 24 13 17 24 24 22 13 13 18 13 13 13 20  7 13 16  7 10 24
## [4601] 10  7 24 16 19 14 14 19 18 16 15 15 21 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 11  9 11
## [4624] 15 15  9 15 16 16 13 17  6 24  7 19 19 19 20  8  7  8  9  8  8  8  9
## [4647] 21  9  9  9  9  9  9  8 24 13 16  7 11 14  1 10  1 10  1 14  1 10  1
## [4670] 10 14  1 10  1 10 10 24 13 20 14 24 13 20  1 14  1 14 12  3  3 12 19
## [4693] 18 20  2 22 11 14 11 13  8  8  9  9 10 10 10 14 14 10 12 19 19 23 19
## [4716] 12 20 21 18 18 12 18  3 20 18 17 22 11 10 14 11 19 14 10 14 14 14 24
## [4739] 24 14 14 14 14 10 10 24 24 10 24 10 14 14 24 24 24 24 24 24 14 14 14
## [4762] 14 10 24 16 21 22 16 14 22 16 14 11 11 17 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
## [4785] 13 24 24 24 14 24 24 13 13 13 13  7 11  9 24 14 14 16 20 24 14 13 14
## [4808] 16 11 13 21 14 18 20 15 16 20 17 15 20 11 13 14  8  9 16 24 17 18  6
## [4831]  7 24  7  9  8  8  8  8 11 13  8 10 21  9 24  9  9 15  9  9  9  9 13
## [4854]  9  9 10 10 22 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 21 10 10 14 14 10 13 10 24 10 24
## [4877] 10 16 14 18 16 18 11 14 13 19 12 12 15 12 15 21 20 18 18 18 18  6 24
## [4900] 11 24 14 24 10 24 13  7 13  8 10 10  7 11 10 24 10 22 20 11 11 16 11
## [4923] 24 16 11 13 24 10 16 11 13 15  8 10 24 14 14 10  9  8 24 10 13 11  6
## [4946] 11 14 24 14  8 24 14 14 24 14  7  9 24 20 11 24  9  9  9  9 13 24 10
## [4969] 11 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 13  8 10 10 10 10
## [4992] 10 10 10 24 10 10 10 12 14 18 20 20 15 16 16 24 17 20 14 21 16 17 19
## [5015] 12 21 21 21 20 20 15 15 20 10 10 11  9 16 17 16 10 14 13 13 13 15 24
## [5038]  9 17 15 14  7 10 11 13  9  7 13 11  8  5 24 24 11 10 11 11 13 11  8
## [5061] 24  7 10 24 13  7 10 11 24 11 16 14 16 14 16  9 24 14 14 10 11 10 11
## [5084] 10 11  7 10 10 11 24 13  7 10 11 10 11 13 11 13 16 14 16 10 11 13  7
## [5107] 10  7 10 11 14 16  9 14 16 20 13 10 11 13  7 10 11 24 14 13 16  7  9
## [5130] 24 24 14 14 20 16  7 11 24 13  7 10  7 22 22 12 19 18 15 14 16 15 15
## [5153] 20 18 15 15 15 22 19 15 14 11 17 11 24 11 11 14 24 15 11 11 11 24 24
## [5176] 14 13 13 13  8 21 15 15 15 17 16 10 24 22 18  6  8  7  7 13 19  7  7
## [5199] 11 13  8  8 11 13 11  9  8  8  8  9  9 21  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 13
## [5222]  9  9 10 24  9 10 10 10 10 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 10 13 10 10 24
## [5245] 10 10 10 15 20 15 19  9 24 15 13 16 20 14 24 13 10 24 24 11 14 14 16
## [5268] 24 14 14 10 24 10 24 13 20  7  9 24 20  8  9 10  9 24 20 24 14 14  9
## [5291] 11  7 24 13 20  7 13 16  9 24 13 20  7 24 13  8 11  9 24 20 24 13 16
## [5314] 20  7  9 24 20 11 13 16 24 11 14 16 24 14 14  9 10 20  9 24 13 20 13
## [5337] 13 11  3 14 16 15 21 14 22 14 14 11 17 15 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
## [5360] 11 11 11 11 11 13 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 13 13 13 13 13 11 13 14  8 15
## [5383]  9 15 16 14 17 17  6 24 19  7  9 19  8 15  7  8  8  8 13  8  9 13 10
## [5406]  9 24 24  9  9  8 15  9  9  9 24 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10
## [5429] 10 10 13 10 14 10 13 10 10 10 24 14 14 18 11 18 17 15 19 12 12 18 21
## [5452] 18  7 24 13 14 14  9 15 20 11 14 11  7 10 11  9 10  8 18 14 10 11 11
## [5475] 14 11 13 11 11 10 10 11  8 10  8 24 13  9 24 11 16 14 16  8 10 11 11
## [5498] 15 16  7 10 24 13  7 10 11  7 10 24 11 24 13 17 19 12 21 21 20 18 15
## [5521] 18  6 24 11 24 24 10 11 14 13 10 13  8 10 10  7 11 14 10 24 10 22 20
## [5544] 13  7 10 11 14 16  9 14 16 20 13 13 14 14 16  9 14 16 20 16  9 24 14
## [5567] 14 16 20 24 14 14 16 16 14 16 24 24 13 11 16  9 24 11 15 16 11 13 14
## [5590] 14 11 13  8 24 14 14 24 11 11 14 10  9 24 13  8 11 14 14 16 24 14 14
## [5613]  8 11 11 14 14 24 14 14 16  9 24 20 24 13 20 24 19 11 14 24 14 24 10
## [5636] 24 14 24 11 14 16 24 14 14 10 24  9 10  9 24 20  8 20  7  9 10 24 24
## [5659] 13 14 20 16 14 14 16 14 16  7  9 10 11 24 14 20 10 11 13  8 14 16  9
## [5682] 16  7 10 11 10 11  9 24 13 14 20  7 24 24 13 20  7 24 24 16 14 16 16
## [5705] 16 15 15 17 15 15 20 20 11 11 11 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 24 11 11 11
## [5728] 11 11 11 11 11 13 24 24 24 13 24 13 13 13 13 11 11  8 15  9 14 16 18
## [5751] 11 13 17 17  6 15 24 19 13 19  8  7  7 13  9 13 13  8  8  9  9  9  9
## [5774] 24  9  9  9  9  9  9  9  9 24 11 10 10 10 14 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10
## [5797] 10 13 13  8 10 10 14 10 10 10 10 20 16 12 16 14 17 15 15 11 14 24 15
## [5820] 17 17 17 12 12 15 19 21 13 20 15 18 18 20 24 13 11 11 11 10  7 10 13
## [5843] 10 10 11 10 24 10 15 12 10 16 11  9  7  9 24 10 16  8  9 24 24 16 11
## [5866] 10 11 11  9 24 14 20 24 14 13 20  9 24 24 13 14 20  7 10 24 14 13 16
## [5889] 13 13 16 10 16 11  9 24 14 16 20 24 14 16 11  9 24 14 14  7  9 24 24
## [5912] 14 20  8 11 11 24 13 20  7 10 24 13 24 14 14 16  9 24 14 14 20 24  9
## [5935] 10 14 14 24  9 24 13 20  7  9 24 20 13  7  9 24 20 11  9 24 20 13 20
## [5958]  9 24 13 20  7 13 16  7 24 11 14 16 11 14 14 11  9 10 20 13 13 11 15
## [5981] 16 21 16 20 22 21 11 11 24 14 14 11 10 11 14 11 10 11 11 24 13 17 24
## [6004] 24 14 24 24 22 13 13 13 13 13  8 11  9 10 17 24 18  6 24  7  7  9 19
## [6027]  7  8  8 13  8 11  8  9 21  9  9  9  9 13  9 14  9 10 10 10 10 22 10
## [6050] 13 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 10 13 10 24 24 10 10 10 14 12 18 14 16 19
## [6073]  9 15 20 17 15 20 15 22 19 12 22 15 21 21 18 20 14  9 13 10 13 11 14
## [6096]  9 10  8 18 14 24 13 17 24 14 13 11 13 11 11 24 10 13 11 15  5  7 10
## [6119]  9 10 13  8 10 14 11  6 24 11 15 10 14 10 10 24  9 10  7 14 16 11 14
## [6142] 16  9 10  9 20 11  9 10  9 20 10 24  9 13 20  7  9 10 11 13 16  7 14
## [6165] 16  8  7 13  7  9 24 13 20 10  9 10  7 11 24 14 16 11 14 13 16  7 11
## [6188] 24 13 16 20 11 14 13 16  7 14 11 24 16 20  7 24 14 14 11 14 14 10 24
## [6211] 24  7 13  7  9 11 24 11  8 11 12 15 15 18 15 15 18 15 15 20 13 20 14
## [6234] 22 16 16 15 16 16 15 15 20 17 15 15 20 20
dat <- mutate(dat, end)

## With the starting and ending hours, calculate the duration, and add one more column duration to the data frame dat:
duration <- end - start
for(i in 1:length(duration)){
  if(duration[i] < 0){
    duration[i] <- duration[i] + 24
  }
}
dat <- mutate(dat, duration)
## My turn: create a list lon by using lapply() with anonymous function to extract longitude value
loc1 <- "(37.7651967350509,-122.416451692902)"
str_replace(loc1, pattern = '\\(', replacement = '')
## [1] "37.7651967350509,-122.416451692902)"
locs <- c(
  "(37.7651967350509,-122.416451692902)",
  "(37.7907890558203,-122.402273431333)",
  "(37.7111991003088,-122.394693339395)",
  "(37.7773000262759,-122.394812784799)",
  NA
)
lat_lon <- str_replace_all(locs, pattern = '\\(|\\)', replacement = '')
lat_lon <- str_split(lat_lon, pattern = ',')

lat <- lapply(lat_lon, function(x) x[1])
lat_lon <- str_replace_all(dat$Location, pattern = '\\(|\\)', replacement = '')
lat_lon <- str_split(lat_lon, pattern = ',')

lat <- lapply(lat_lon, function(x) x[1])
lon <- lapply(lat_lon, function(x) x[2])

latitute <- as.numeric(unlist(lat))
longitude <- as.numeric(unlist(lon))
dat <-mutate(dat, latitute, longitude)
# install.packages("RgoogleMaps")
library(RgoogleMaps)
# coordinates for center of the map
center <- c(mean(dat$latitute, na.rm = TRUE), mean(dat$longitude, na.rm = TRUE))

# zoom value
zoom <- min(MaxZoom(range(dat$latitute, na.rm = TRUE), 
                    range(dat$longitude, na.rm = TRUE)))

# san francisco map
map1 <- GetMap(center=center, zoom=zoom, destfile = "san-francisco.png")

PlotOnStaticMap(map1, dat$latitute, dat$longitude, col = "#ed4964", pch=20)

Another useful package for plotting maps is “ggmap”. As you may guess, “ggmap” follows the graphing approach of “ggplot2”.

library(ggmap)
## 
## Attaching package: 'ggmap'
## The following object is masked from 'package:plotly':
## 
##     wind
dat <- na.omit(dat)
# ggmap typically asks you for a zoom level, 
# but we can try using ggmap's make_bbox function:
sbbox <- make_bbox(lon = dat$lon, lat = dat$lat, f = .1)
sbbox
##       left     bottom      right        top 
## -122.48867   37.69985 -122.36281   37.81595
sf_map <- get_map(location = sbbox, maptype = "terrain", source = "google")
## Warning: bounding box given to google - spatial extent only approximate.
## converting bounding box to center/zoom specification. (experimental)
## Map from URL : http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=37.757897,-122.425744&zoom=13&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&language=en-EN&sensor=false
ggmap(sf_map) + 
  geom_point(data = dat, 
             mapping = aes(x = longitude, y = latitute), 
             color = "red", alpha = 0.2, size = 1)
## Warning: Removed 98 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Let’s look for specific types of food

dat$optionaltext[1:3]
## [1] "Tacos, Burritos, Tortas, Quesadillas, Mexican Drinks, Aguas Frescas"   
## [2] "Cold Truck: sandwiches, drinks, snacks, candy, hot coffee"             
## [3] "Cold Truck: Pre-packaged Sandwiches, Various Beverages, Salads, Snacks"
foods <- dat$optionaltext[1:10]

Use str_detect() (or equivalently grep()) to match “Burritos” and “burritos”.

str_detect(foods, pattern = "Burritos|burritos")
##  [1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
grepl(pattern = "burritos", foods, ignore.case = TRUE)
##  [1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE

Try another pattern: e.g. “tacos”, or “quesadillas”

grepl(pattern = "tacos", foods, ignore.case = TRUE)
##  [1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
grepl(pattern = "quesadillas", foods, ignore.case = TRUE)
##  [1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE

Use the lat and lon corrdinates in burritos to display a map of locations with burritos (see map below).

burritos <- grepl(pattern = "burritos", dat$optionaltext, ignore.case = TRUE)
ggmap(sf_map) + 
  geom_point(data = dat[burritos, ], 
             mapping = aes(x = longitude, y = latitute), 
             color = "blue", alpha = 0.2, size = 1)
## Warning: Removed 18 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Other type of food

quesadillas <- grepl(pattern = "quesadillas", dat$optionaltext, ignore.case = TRUE)
ggmap(sf_map) + 
  geom_point(data = dat[quesadillas, ], 
             mapping = aes(x = longitude, y = latitute), 
             color = "red", alpha = 0.2, size = 1)
## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Challenge

tacos <- grepl(pattern = "tacos", dat$optionaltext, ignore.case = TRUE)
ggmap(sf_map) + 
  geom_point(data = dat[tacos, ], 
             mapping = aes(x = longitude, y = latitute), 
             color = "green", alpha = 0.2, size = 1)
## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values (geom_point).